Vanishing Puzzle

A mechanical optical illusion where pieces which can be rearranged to show different versions that have different interpretations including more/less or smaller/larger pieces.

Vanishing PUzzle
Vanishing Puzzle


Table of Contents


How does the Vanishing Puzzle work??

The Vanishing puzzle works by exploiting the way the human visual system processes and interprets visual information.

Mechanical illusions are optical illusions that involve the use of moving parts or mechanisms to create the illusion. T

hey often rely on the viewer’s persistence of vision and the way our brains perceive motion. Some examples of mechanical illusions include the zoetrope, the praxinoscope, the phenakistoscope, and flip books. These illusions have been popular for centuries and continue to captivate audiences of all ages with their ability to trick the eye and create the illusion of movement.


Versions of the Vanishing Puzzle

The following is are some examples of Vanishing Puzzle designed to show how they work:

Missing Square Puzzle
Missing Square



Missing Square Puzzle
Missing Square Puzzle – Solution Shown



Illusions like the Vanishing Puzzle

Some related illusions include the following:

The missing square puzzle is a visual illusion that involves a square with a smaller square removed from one of its corners.

The puzzle is presented in such a way that the surrounding rectangles appear to be the same size, but when the lines of the squares are measured, it becomes clear that they are not.


Missing Square Puzzle
Missing Square Puzzle

Illusory contours are created by the brain’s interpretation of visual information, such as the arrangement and contrast of lines and shapes in the visual field.

Kanizsa Triangle Illusion
The Kanizsa Triangle

The Muller-Lyer illusion: an illusion in which two lines of the same length appear to be of different lengths due to the presence of arrowheads at the ends of the lines.


müller-lyer illusion



The Poggendorff illusion: an illusion in which two lines that are parallel in reality appear to be skewed or converging due to the presence of a third shape in the foreground.


Poggendorff illusion transparent gray bar



The Café Wall illusion: an illusion in which the lines that form a tiled wall appear to be skewed or distorted due to the presence of contrasting colored tiles.

Cafe Wall Illusion



The Zöllner illusion: an illusion in which parallel lines appear to be skewed or converging due to the presence of intersecting lines at an angle.

Zöllner illusion

The Ebbinghaus illusion: This illusion involves circles of different sizes, but with the same-sized circles placed close to each other. The brain perceives the smaller circles as being larger when they are placed next to larger circles.

Ebbinghaus Illusion


The T illusion: This illusion involves a T-shaped figure with a horizontal bar and a vertical bar. The brain perceives the vertical bar as being longer than the horizontal bar, even though they are the same length.


T Illusion


Moon illusion: This illusion involves the perception of the Moon appearing larger when it is near the horizon compared to when it is high in the sky.


Moon Illusion



Ponzo illusion: This illusion involves the perception of an object appearing larger or smaller depending on the size of the surrounding context.

Ponzo Illusion


All these illusions work by exploiting the way the brain processes visual information and the way it interprets the relationship between different elements in an image. Illusory contours are thought to be created by the activity of neurons that respond selectively to edges and contours in the visual field, which can be influenced by different visual cues.


Discovery of the Vanishing Puzzle

The origin of theVanishing Puzzle is unknown and its creator is not credited.

The puzzle has been widely used in psychology and neuroscience research to study visual perception and the underlying mechanisms of size constancy.

The puzzle has been used by researchers to investigate the importance of context in visual perception and to demonstrate the limitations of our visual system.

The Vanishing Puzzle is one of many optical illusions that have been used to further our understanding of how the brain processes and interprets visual information.

Size constancy illusions like the Missing Square Puzzle a form of the Vanishing Puzzle have been studied by a number of psychologists and neuroscientists, and the discovery of these illusions is often attributed to the work of Gestalt psychologists in the early 20th century.

Gestalt psychologists, such as Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler, were among the first to study how the brain processes and interprets visual information, and they made significant contributions to our understanding of size constancy.

They conducted a number of experiments that demonstrated the importance of context in visual perception and how our visual system can be easily influenced by the relationships between objects.

Their work laid the foundation for the continued study of size constancy illusions and the underlying mechanisms of visual perception.

References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions.

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