Münsterberg Illusion

The Münsterberg illusion is a geometric optical illusion that is created by the alignment of parallel lines in a checkerboard pattern. It is very similar to the Cafe Wall Illusion.

Münsterberg
The Münsterberg Illusion

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How does the Münsterberg Illusion work?

The Münsterberg Illusion works by creating the illusion of depth and perspective through the interaction of parallel lines and the edges of the squares in the checkerboard pattern.

The way the lines and edges interact with each other creates a conflict in the brain between the perception of the lines as straight and the perception of the rows as tilted. The brain resolves this conflict by interpreting the rows as slanted, which creates the illusion of depth and perspective. Additionally, the alternating light and dark rows also contribute to the illusion, as the brain perceives them as different depths of the wall.

The illusion is also affected by the viewer’s distance from the image.

Versions of the Münsterberg Illusion

The following are some alternate versions of the Münsterberg Illusion and the related Café Wall Illusion:

Cafe Wall Münsterberg
Cafe-Wall-Illusion-Building-Wikimedia-Source
From Wikimedia Commons
Cafe-Wall-Illusion-Original-Cafe-with-Richard-Gregory-Wikimedia-Source.
Original Cafe with-discoverer Richard Gregory from Wikimedia Commons

Cafe-Wall-Illusion-Orange-and-Black


Cafe-Wall-Illusion-Red-and-Blue.
Cafe-Wall-Illusion-Purple-Yellow-and-Black


Illusions like the Münsterberg Illusion

The following are some illusions similar to the Münsterberg Illusion.

The Rotating Snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.

Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons


The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion


The Zöllner illusion is a visual illusion in which parallel lines appear to be angled due to the presence of intersecting lines.

The illusion is often used to study the brain’s perception of shape and spatial relationships. It is considered one of the most powerful and striking examples of a geometrical-optical illusion. The perception of the illusion can be explained by the brain’s tendency to group lines together based on their similarity in direction and spacing, which can lead to an overestimation of the angle between the parallel lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Müller-Lyer illusion: This illusion involves lines with arrowheads at the ends, which can make a line appear longer or shorter depending on the direction of the arrowheads.

müller-lyer illusion



The Poggendorff illusion is a visual illusion in which the brain perceives a diagonal line as being interrupted by an object, even though the line is actually continuous. The illusion is created by the misalignment of two parallel lines that are intersected by a third line at a certain angle.

Poggendorff illusion transparent gray bar



The Orbison illusion is an illusion of movement that is created when stationary, parallel lines are placed on a background of radiating lines. The parallel lines appear to be moving in the direction of the radiating lines, even though they are actually stationary. This illusion is thought to be caused by the interaction between the parallel lines and the radiating lines, which creates an illusion of movement in the brain.

Orbison Illusion



The Wundt illusion is an optical illusion produces an inversed effect compared to the Hering Illusion. The vertical lines are both straight, but they may look as if they are curved inwards.

Wundt Illusion



Discovery of the Münsterberg Illusion

The Münsterberg was first described by Hugo Münsterberg

Hugo Münsterberg was a German-American psychologist, philosopher and educator. He was born in Danzig, Prussia (now Gdańsk, Poland) in 1863 and died in 1916 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of the first experimental psychologists in the United States and one of the first to apply psychology to various fields such as law, education, industry, and media.

Münsterberg received his Ph.D. in 1887 from the University of Leipzig under the supervision of Wilhelm Wundt, the father of experimental psychology. He then taught at several German universities before moving to the United States in 1892, where he became a professor of psychology at Harvard University.

Münsterberg is known for his work in applied psychology, particularly in the areas of industrial and organizational psychology. He was the first to use the term “industrial psychology” and was a pioneer in the application of psychological principles to the workplace. He also made significant contributions to the fields of educational psychology, media psychology, and forensic psychology. He was one of the first to study the psychology of eyewitness testimony, and his work in this area is still widely cited today.

Münsterberg also made a significant contribution in the field of perception, where he described the Münsterberg illusion, which is a visual illusion in which a small circle surrounded by larger circles appears larger than an identical-sized circle that is not surrounded by larger circles.

References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions.

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