My Wife and My Mother In Law

Wife and Mother In Law

The “My wife and my mother-in-law” illusion is an optical illusion with an image of a young woman’s face that can also be perceived as an older woman’s face.

The illusion is created by the way the brain organizes the visual information in the image, and how it interprets the relationships between the different features of the face.

Wife and Mother In Law
My Wife and My Mother In Law

Table of Contents

How does the My Wife and My Mother In Law Illusion work?

The “Wife and Mother-in-Law” illusion works by exploiting the way the human visual system processes and interprets facial features and their relationship. The illusion is based on a drawing created by the Swiss psychologist Roger Shepard, that shows a young woman’s face in profile view. However, by slightly adjusting the position of the features, the same image can also be perceived as an older woman’s face in profile view.

The illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationships between the different facial features. When the image is perceived as a young woman, the viewer’s brain organizes the information in a way that highlights the similarities between the different features, and creates a coherent, meaningful interpretation of the face. When the image is perceived as an older woman, the viewer’s brain organizes the information in a way that highlights the differences between the features, and creates a different coherent, meaningful interpretation of the face.

This illusion also highlights the importance of context and the role of prior knowledge and expectation in perception. The brain uses prior knowledge and expectations to make predictions and hypotheses about what it is seeing, and this can influence how it interprets ambiguous or conflicting visual information.

Additionally, this illusion is also related to the concept of “perceptual set” which refers to the brain’s ability to focus on specific aspects of the image and ignore others depending on the context. Also, the concept of “top-down processing” where the brain uses prior knowledge to interpret the visual information coming from the eyes.

Versions of the My Wife and My Mother In Law Illusion

The following are some alternate versions of the My Wife and My Mother In Law Illusion:

Wife-and-Mother-In-Law-German_postcard_from_1888
Postcard from 1888


My_Wife_and_My_Mother-in-Law-1915
From 1915

Husband-and-Father-In-Law
The very similar My Husband and Father In Law


Illusions like the My Wife and My Mother In Law Illusion

Ambiguous illusions are visual stimuli that can be interpreted in more than one way. These illusions typically consist of a single image that can be perceived in multiple ways. Ambiguous illusions can be used to study the neural mechanisms of perception and how the brain resolves ambiguity.

Some related illusions include the following:

The Rubin vase, also known as the Rubin face or the figure-ground vase, is a famous optical illusion in which the image of a vase can also be perceived as two faces in profile looking at each other.

Rubin Vase Classic Black and White


The duck-rabbit illusion is an optical illusion that is an image that can be perceived as either a duck or a rabbit depending on how the viewer looks at it.

Duck Rabbit Illusion

The Necker cube is an optical illusion that features a simple wireframe drawing of a cube. The cube appears to switch back and forth between two different orientations.

Necker Cube

The Schröder Staircase is an optical illusion that features a drawing of a staircase. The staircase appears to be either ascending or descending, depending on how the brain interprets the angles of the lines.

Schroeders_stairs
From Wikimedia Commons

The impossible cube is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Impossible Cube Illusion


The Penrose triangle, also known as the Penrose tribar, is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Penrose Triangle


The impossible trident is a three-pronged impossible shape resembling a trident. It is usually depicted as a three-pronged fork with each prong appearing to be a continuation of the next, creating an impossible shape.

Impossible Trident
From Wikimedia Commons

The spinning dancer illusion is a visual illusion that depicts a silhouette of a dancer spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The direction of the dancer’s spin can appear to change depending on the viewer’s perception

Spinning Dancer Gif
From Wikimedia Commons

The Monroe-Einstein illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationships between the features of the faces and the viewer’s sense of facial proportions.

Monroe-Einstein

Discovery of the My Wife and My Mother In Law Illusion

The illusion was originally published by American cartoonist William Ely Hill in 1915.

William Ely Hill was an artist and caricaturist. He is best known for his illustrations and cartoons that were published in magazines and newspapers in the early 20th century. He was born in London in 1887 and studied at the Lambeth School of Art. He began his career as an illustrator working for magazines such as Punch, The Tatler, and The Sketch. He then started to work as a cartoonist and illustrator for newspapers like The Bystander and The Graphic. He also illustrated books, such as “The Complete Book of Tricks and Puzzles” and “The Big Little Book of Jokes and Riddles”.

Hill became famous for his illustrations of women, which were often featured in advertisements, postcards, and magazines. His illustrations were known for their elegance and attention to detail, and for their ability to capture the spirit of the times. He was also known for his ability to convey humor and satire in his illustrations. His illustrations were featured in magazines and newspapers in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada, and his work is considered to be a good representation of illustration and cartoon style of early 20th century. He died in London in 1962.

References and Resources

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Necker Cube

Necker Cube

The Necker cube is an optical illusion that features a simple wireframe drawing of a cube. The cube appears to switch back and forth between two different orientations.

Necker Cube
The Necker Cube

Table of Contents


How does the Necker Cube Illusion work?

The Necker cube illusion works by exploiting the way the brain interprets the 2-dimensional image of a cube.

The brain can interpret the image in different ways, as a cube that is facing towards or away from the viewer.

The illusion is created because the image of the cube lacks the necessary information to determine a clear and stable three-dimensional interpretation, so the brain can flip between different possibilities.

The illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationship between the lines of the cube and the viewer’s sense of depth.

The brain uses cues such as perspective, shading, and past experiences to create a 3-dimensional perception of the image.

In the case of the Necker cube, the brain can interpret the lines of the cube as either the front or back of a cube.

Since there is no clear cue that indicates which interpretation is correct, the brain tends to flip between these two interpretations in a random manner, creating the illusion that the cube is changing its orientation.

This illusion also highlights the concept of “perceptual set” which refers to the brain’s ability to focus on specific aspects of the image and ignore others depending on the context and “top-down processing” where the brain uses prior knowledge to interpret the visual information coming from the eyes.

The brain uses prior knowledge to make predictions and hypotheses about what it is seeing, and this can influence how it interprets ambiguous or conflicting visual information.

It also highlights the concept of “figure-ground reversal” which refers to the brain’s ability to switch attention between the foreground and background of an image.

Versions of the Necker Cube Illusion

The following are some alternate versions of the Necker Cube Illusion:


Necker Cube 2 Ways to View
From Wikimedia Commons:
Left cube shows blue bar going in “down from the top”.
Right cube shows the object going in “up from the bottom”.
They are the same Cube.




Necker Cube


Illusions like the Necker Cube Illusion

Ambiguous illusions are visual stimuli that can be interpreted in more than one way. These illusions typically consist of a single image that can be perceived in multiple ways. Ambiguous illusions can be used to study the neural mechanisms of perception and how the brain resolves ambiguity.

Some related illusions include the following:

The Rubin vase, also known as the Rubin face or the figure-ground vase, is a famous optical illusion in which the image of a vase can also be perceived as two faces in profile looking at each other.

Rubin Vase Classic Black and White


The duck-rabbit illusion is an optical illusion that is an image that can be perceived as either a duck or a rabbit depending on how the viewer looks at it.

Duck Rabbit Illusion

The My Wife and My Mother-in-Law illusion is an optical illusion with an image of a young woman’s face that can also be perceived as an older woman’s face.

Wife and Mother In Law

The Schröder Staircase is an optical illusion that features a drawing of a staircase. The staircase appears to be either ascending or descending, depending on how the brain interprets the angles of the lines.

Schroeders_stairs
From Wikimedia Commons

The impossible cube is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Impossible Cube Illusion


The Penrose triangle, also known as the Penrose tribar, is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Penrose Triangle


The impossible trident is a three-pronged impossible shape resembling a trident. It is usually depicted as a three-pronged fork with each prong appearing to be a continuation of the next, creating an impossible shape.

Impossible Trident
From Wikimedia Commons

The spinning dancer illusion is a visual illusion that depicts a silhouette of a dancer spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The direction of the dancer’s spin can appear to change depending on the viewer’s perception

Spinning Dancer Gif
From Wikimedia Commons

The Monroe-Einstein illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationships between the features of the faces and the viewer’s sense of facial proportions.

Monroe-Einstein

Discovery of the Necker Cube Illusion

This illusion is named after the Swiss crystallographer Louis Necker who published the first known description of the illusion in 1832.

Louis Albert Necker was a Swiss crystallographer and mineralogist who was born in 1786 and died in 1861. Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in crystals, and how the arrangement of these atoms affects the physical and chemical properties of the crystal.

He was the first to publish a description of the illusion that is now known as the Necker cube, in a 1832 paper.

He was also known for his work in mineralogy and crystallography, and was considered a leading expert in the field of crystallography in his time.

Necker was a professor at the Academy of Geneva and later at the University of Geneva. He also served as the director of the Natural History Museum of Geneva.

He published several works on mineralogy, crystallography, and optics, and made significant contributions to the understanding of crystal structures and the nature of light.

References and Resources

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Duck-Rabbit Illusion

Duck Rabbit Original

The duck-rabbit illusion is an optical illusion that is an image that can be perceived as either a duck or a rabbit depending on how the viewer looks at it.

The illusion is created by the way the brain organizes the visual information in the image, and how it interprets the relationships between the different features of the image. The duck-rabbit illusion is one of the most famous and oldest examples of an ambiguous image,

Duck Rabbit Illusion
The Duck-Rabbit Illusion


Table of Contents


How does the Duck-Rabbit Illusion work?

The illusion is based on an image of an animal’s head that can be seen as either a duck or a rabbit depending on how the viewer’s brain organizes the information.

The image is ambiguous, as the brain can perceive it as either the duck or the rabbit depending on how the brain organizes the information.

The brain organizes the visual information by grouping similar elements together and separating them from dissimilar elements, it tends to do this in a way that creates the most meaningful and coherent interpretation.

This illusion highlights the importance of context and the role of prior knowledge and expectation in perception.

The brain uses prior knowledge and expectations to make predictions and hypotheses about what it is seeing, and this can influence how it interprets ambiguous or conflicting visual information.

Additionally, this illusion is also related to the concept of “perceptual set” which refers to the brain’s ability to focus on specific aspects of the image and ignore others depending on the context.

Also, the concept of “top-down processing” where the brain uses prior knowledge to interpret the visual information coming from the eyes.


Versions of the Duck-Rabbit Illusion


The following are some alternate versions of the Duck-Rabbit Illusion:

Duck Rabbit Original
From Wikimedia Commons
The Original Illusion as printed in “Kaninchen und Ente” (“Rabbit and Duck”) from the 23 October 1892 issue of Fliegende Blätter


Duck Rabbit Illusion Old Print


Illusions like the Duck-Rabbit Illusion

Ambiguous illusions are visual stimuli that can be interpreted in more than one way. These illusions typically consist of a single image that can be perceived in multiple ways. Ambiguous illusions can be used to study the neural mechanisms of perception and how the brain resolves ambiguity.

Some related illusions include the following:

The Rubin vase, also known as the Rubin face or the figure-ground vase, is a famous optical illusion in which the image of a vase can also be perceived as two faces in profile looking at each other.

Rubin Vase Classic Black and White

The Necker cube is an optical illusion that features a simple wireframe drawing of a cube. The cube appears to switch back and forth between two different orientations.

Necker Cube

The My Wife and My Mother-in-Law illusion is an optical illusion with an image of a young woman’s face that can also be perceived as an older woman’s face.

Wife and Mother In Law

The Schröder Staircase is an optical illusion that features a drawing of a staircase. The staircase appears to be either ascending or descending, depending on how the brain interprets the angles of the lines.

Schroeders_stairs
From Wikimedia Commons

The impossible cube is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Impossible Cube Illusion


The Penrose triangle, also known as the Penrose tribar, is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Penrose Triangle


The impossible trident is a three-pronged impossible shape resembling a trident. It is usually depicted as a three-pronged fork with each prong appearing to be a continuation of the next, creating an impossible shape.

Impossible Trident
From Wikimedia Commons

The spinning dancer illusion is a visual illusion that depicts a silhouette of a dancer spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The direction of the dancer’s spin can appear to change depending on the viewer’s perception

Spinning Dancer Gif
From Wikimedia Commons

The Monroe-Einstein illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationships between the features of the faces and the viewer’s sense of facial proportions.

Monroe-Einstein

Discovery of the Duck-Rabbit Illusion

The duck-rabbit illusion was popularized by the German philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Wittgenstein used this image in his book “Philosophical Investigations” published in 1953, as a way to illustrate his ideas about the nature of language and meaning.

Wittgenstein was interested in how people use language to make sense of the world, and how the meaning of words and phrases is determined by the context in which they are used.

He argued that the meaning of a word or phrase cannot be understood in isolation, but must be understood in relation to the larger context in which it is used.

He used the duck-rabbit image as an example of how the same image can be perceived in different ways depending on the context and the viewer’s perspective.

References and Resources

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Rubin Vase

Rubin Vase Classic Black and White

The Rubin vase, also known as the Rubin face or the figure-ground vase, is a famous optical illusion in which the image of a vase can also be perceived as two faces in profile looking at each other.

The illusion is named after the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin, who described it in his 1915 book “Visual Perception”.

The Rubin vase illustrates the principle of figure-ground perception, which is the ability of the human visual system to separate an object from its background.

Rubin Vase Classic Black and White
The Rubin Vase Illusion

Table of Contents

How does the Rubin Vase Illusion work?

The Rubin vase illusion works by exploiting the human visual system’s ability to perceive objects as distinct from their backgrounds, known as figure-ground perception.

The image of the vase is ambiguous, as the viewer’s brain can perceive it as either the vase or the two faces depending on how the brain organizes the information.

The brain organizes visual information by grouping similar elements together and separating them from dissimilar elements.

In the case of the Rubin vase, the brain can organize the black shapes as the vase and the white space as the background, or it can organize the white shapes as the faces and the black space as the background.

The brain tends to organize the information in a way that creates the most meaningful and coherent interpretation.

Additionally, the illusion also highlights the brain’s ability to perceive depth and 3-dimensional structure in 2-dimensional images. The vase’s handles are perceived as being behind the faces, which creates the illusion of depth and volume in the image.

This illusion is also related to the concept of “perceptual set” which refers to the brain’s ability to focus on specific aspects of the image and ignore others depending on the context.

Versions of the Rubin Vase Illusion

The following are some alternate versions of the Rubin Vase Illusion:


Rubin-Vase
From Wikimedia Commons


Rubin Vase Example Idaho
From Wikimedia Commons
Is it an image of the US State Idaho or a person’s face?


Illusions like the Rubin Vase Illusion

Ambiguous illusions are visual stimuli that can be interpreted in more than one way. These illusions typically consist of a single image that can be perceived in multiple ways. Ambiguous illusions can be used to study the neural mechanisms of perception and how the brain resolves ambiguity.

Some related illusions include the following:

The duck-rabbit illusion is an optical illusion that is an image that can be perceived as either a duck or a rabbit depending on how the viewer looks at it.

Duck Rabbit Illusion

The Necker cube is an optical illusion that features a simple wireframe drawing of a cube. The cube appears to switch back and forth between two different orientations.

Necker Cube

The My Wife and My Mother-in-Law illusion is an optical illusion with an image of a young woman’s face that can also be perceived as an older woman’s face.

Wife and Mother In Law

The Schröder Staircase is an optical illusion that features a drawing of a staircase. The staircase appears to be either ascending or descending, depending on how the brain interprets the angles of the lines.

Schroeders_stairs
From Wikimedia Commons

The impossible cube is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Impossible Cube Illusion


The Penrose triangle, also known as the Penrose tribar, is an optical illusion that depicts a three-dimensional object that is physically impossible to construct.

Penrose Triangle


The impossible trident is a three-pronged impossible shape resembling a trident. It is usually depicted as a three-pronged fork with each prong appearing to be a continuation of the next, creating an impossible shape.

Impossible Trident
From Wikimedia Commons

The spinning dancer illusion is a visual illusion that depicts a silhouette of a dancer spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The direction of the dancer’s spin can appear to change depending on the viewer’s perception

Spinning Dancer Gif
From Wikimedia Commons

The Monroe-Einstein illusion works by playing with the viewer’s expectations about the relationships between the features of the faces and the viewer’s sense of facial proportions.

Monroe-Einstein


Discovery of the Rubin Vase Illusion

The illusion is named after the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin, who described it in his 1915 book “Visual Perception”.

Edgar Rubin was a Danish psychologist and author. He is best known for his work on visual perception and his 1915 book “Visual Perception” in which he described the Rubin vase illusion.

Rubin was born in 1882 and received his PhD in psychology from the University of Copenhagen in 1911.

He worked as a professor of psychology at the University of Copenhagen and later at the University of Aarhus.

He was a leading figure in the field of perception research and also made contributions to the study of memory and attention. Rubin died in 1948.

References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions and this cool Ambiguous Columns Illusion like the Rubin Vase.

Illusory Motion

Motion_illusion_in_star_arrangement

With Illusory motion, static image appears to be moving due to the interaction of color contrasts, shapes, and position.

Motion_illusion_in_star_arrangement


Table of Contents


How does Illusory Motion work?

Illusory motion, also known as motion illusion, is the perception of movement in a static image or pattern.

This can occur when the brain is presented with a series of static images that change over time, or when certain visual patterns are arranged in a specific way.

The brain interprets these as if they are moving, even though the image or pattern itself is not actually moving.

There are several theories that try to explain the underlying mechanisms of illusory motion.

One theory is that it is a result of neural adaptation, where the visual system becomes adapted to certain stimuli and continues to respond as if they were present even after they are removed.

Another theory is that it is a result of the brain’s tendency to perceive patterns and to fill in missing information, known as Gestalt principles.

Versions of Illusory Motion

The following are some other examples of Illusory Motion





Illusory-Motion



Illusory-Motion




Illusory-Motion





Illusory-Motion








Illusory Motion




Illusory Motion










Peripheral drift illusion
From Wikimedia Commons


peripheral-drift-illusion-giving-a-throbbing-effect
From Wikimedia Commons



Peripheral_drift_illusion_blue-and-orange-wormhole


Illusions like Illusory Motion

The following are some illusions related to Illusory Motion

In Peripheral Drift illusions, the image or pattern appears to move or drift, even though it is actually stationary. This movement is caused by the brain’s attempt to interpret the image or pattern, which is often complex or ambiguous. The movement can be in any direction, such as horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

Peripheral drift illusion jelly bean
From Wikimedia Commons

The rotating snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect
A Version of Rotating Snakes


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.


Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons


The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Fraser Spiral Illusion, in which a pattern of short, curved lines appears to form a spiral.

Fraser-spiral-illusion.




The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion



These illusions are usually caused by the way our eyes process visual information and the way the brain interprets it. They can also be caused by the interaction of different visual elements, such as lines and angles, in the image. They are often used in research on visual perception and the neural basis of perception.


Discovery of the Illusory Motion

It is not clear who first discovered illusory motion. Some credit Aristotle in approximately 350 BC.

But these type of illusions have been observed and studied by various researchers over time, and many studies have contributed to the understanding of the phenomenon.

For example, peripheral drift illusions have been observed since the early 20th century and have been studied by various researchers in the field of visual perception, including scientists, psychologists, and neuroscientists.

Some of the early studies on peripheral drift illusions were conducted by the German physiologist Ernst Mach in the late 19th century, and later by the German psychologist Max Wertheimer in the early 20th century.

In the 20th century, several scientists and researchers have made significant contributions to the understanding of peripheral drift illusions and the underlying neural mechanisms, such as the American psychologist J.J. Gibson, the American neuroscientist David Hubel, and the British neuroscientist Melvyn Goodale.


References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions and these cool Black and White Illusory motion images.

Motion Aftereffect

Motion-Aftereffect2

The Motion Aftereffect (also known as the Waterfall Illusion) is a visual illusion experienced after viewing a moving visual stimulus, and then fixating on a stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move in the opposite direction to the original stimulus.

For example, fixate on the moving image below for several seconds, then shift you gaze to another surface like a plain wall. You should still be able to see the motion on the static surface.

Motion-Aftereffect
Focus on the image for several seconds, then shift your gaze to another surface, you should experience the motion aftereffect

Table of Contents


How does the Motion Aftereffect work?

The motion aftereffect (MAE) is a visual illusion that occurs when one looks at a moving visual stimulus for an extended period of time, and then looks at a still object. The still object will appear to be moving in the opposite direction of the original stimulus. T

his effect is thought to occur because neurons in the visual system become adapted to the motion of the initial stimulus, and then continue to fire as if the motion were still present even when the stimulus is removed.

This causes the perceived motion of the still object.

MAE can occur with various type of motion such as rotation, translation, expansion and contraction.

Versions of the Motion Aftereffect

The following are some other examples of the Waterfall Illusion

Motion Aftereffect
Focus on the image for several seconds, then shift your gaze to another surface, you should experience the motion aftereffect



Waterfall Illusion
Waterfall Illusion
If you focus on the falling water for several seconds, then shift your gaze to a still object, that object will appear to shift upward in the opposite direction of the waterfall




Illusions like the Motion Aftereffect

The following are some illusions that are related to Motion Aftereffect

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is an optical illusion that occurs when a stationary pattern or image is presented in the presence of a moving pattern or image. The stationary pattern or image appears to disappear or fade, even though it is still present, this phenomenon is called motion-induced blindness.

Motion-Induced-Blindness-Spinning-Table
Focus on the in the center of the table and the different objects disappear and reappear.


Motion-Induced-Blindness-spinning-squares-blue-dot-yellow-dot
Focus on the center dot and and the other dots disappear and reappear

Troxler’s fading, also known as Troxler’s effect, is a phenomenon in which a stationary visual stimulus eventually disappears from perception, even though it is still present in the visual field.

This occurs because the human visual system adapts to constant stimuli and eventually stops responding to them.

Lilac-Chaser_Troxlers Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, the dots fade away


Troxler-Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, colors fade away


Toxler-Fading-Blue-Circle-Red-Dot
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the dot for several seconds, the colored ring fades away


The Phi phenomenon is the illusion of movement created by the rapid succession of static images or light sources.

It is the perceptual phenomenon that explains how the human brain perceives motion when presented with a sequence of still images or light sources that are displayed in rapid succession.

Magni-phi-phenomonon.
From Wikimedia Commons



The Rotating Snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.

Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons

The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion




Discovery of the Motion Aftereffect

Some believe that The Motion Aftereffect effect was first observed and noted by Aristotle in approximately 350 BC.

More recently, the motion aftereffect was described by German physicist and physician Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller in 1812.

He observed that after looking at a rotating wheel for a period of time, stationary objects appeared to rotate in the opposite direction. He called this phenomenon the “spinning wheel illusion.”

However, the phenomenon was independently discovered by several other researchers in the 19th century including Peter Mark Roget and Charles Wheatstone.

References and Resources

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Waterfall Illusion

Waterfall Illusion

The Waterfall Illusion (also known as the Motion Aftereffect) a visual illusion experienced after viewing a moving visual stimulus, and then fixating a stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move in the opposite direction to the original stimulus.

For example, with a waterfall, after fixating on the falling water for several seconds, when one shifts their gaze to the surrounding rocks, they will appear to move up briefly in the opposite direction of the waterfall

Waterfall Illusion
Waterfall Illusion
If you focus on the falling water for several seconds, then shift your gaze to a still object, that object will appear to shift upward in the opposite direction of the waterfall

Table of Contents


How does the Waterfall Illusion work?

The waterfall illusion is a visual illusion that occurs when a person looks at a waterfall or a rapidly flowing stream.

This illusion is created by the persistence of vision, which occurs when the image of the moving water is retained in the retina for a short period of time after the stimulus is removed.

The brain interprets this as if the water is still moving, and it results in the stationary image to appear to move.

The illusion can also be observed in other types of flowing fluids such as lava, and in moving visual patterns like scrolling text or a zig-zag pattern.

Versions of the Waterfall Illusion

The following are some other examples of the Waterfall Illusion

Motion Aftereffect
Focus on the image for several seconds, then shift your gaze to another surface, you should experience the motion aftereffect



Motion-Aftereffect
Focus on the image for several seconds, then shift your gaze to another surface, you should experience the motion aftereffect




Illusions like the Waterfall Illusion

The following are some illusions that are related to Waterfall Illusion

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is an optical illusion that occurs when a stationary pattern or image is presented in the presence of a moving pattern or image. The stationary pattern or image appears to disappear or fade, even though it is still present, this phenomenon is called motion-induced blindness.

Motion-Induced-Blindness-Spinning-Table
Focus on the in the center of the table and the different objects disappear and reappear.


Motion-Induced-Blindness-spinning-squares-blue-dot-yellow-dot
Focus on the center dot and and the other dots disappear and reappear

Troxler’s fading, also known as Troxler’s effect, is a phenomenon in which a stationary visual stimulus eventually disappears from perception, even though it is still present in the visual field.

This occurs because the human visual system adapts to constant stimuli and eventually stops responding to them.

Lilac-Chaser_Troxlers Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, the dots fade away


Troxler-Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, colors fade away


Toxler-Fading-Blue-Circle-Red-Dot
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the dot for several seconds, the colored ring fades away


The Phi phenomenon is the illusion of movement created by the rapid succession of static images or light sources.

It is the perceptual phenomenon that explains how the human brain perceives motion when presented with a sequence of still images or light sources that are displayed in rapid succession.

Magni-phi-phenomonon.
From Wikimedia Commons



The Rotating Snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.

Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons

The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion




Discovery of the Waterfall Illusion

Some believe that the Waterfall effect (or the Motion Aftereffect effect) was first observed and noted by Aristotle in approximately 350 BC.

More recently, the effect was described by German physicist and physician Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller in 1812.

He observed that after looking at a rotating wheel for a period of time, stationary objects appeared to rotate in the opposite direction. He called this phenomenon the “spinning wheel illusion.”

However, the phenomenon was independently discovered by several other researchers in the 19th century including Peter Mark Roget and Charles Wheatstone.

References and Resources

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Primrose Field

Primrose-Field-by-Kitaoka-Akiyoshi

Primrose Field by Kitaoka AkiyoshiIn is a peripheral drift illusion where the image or pattern appears to move or drift, even though it is actually stationary. This movement is caused by the brain’s attempt to interpret the image or pattern, which is often complex or ambiguous. The movement can be in any direction, such as horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

Peripheral drift illusions are interesting to study because they can reveal how the visual system processes information and can help us understand the underlying neural mechanisms of visual perception.


Primrose-Field-by-Kitaoka-Akiyoshi
Primrose Field


Table of Contents


How do Peripheral Drift Illusions like Primrose Field work?

Peripheral drift illusions refer to a group of optical illusions where an object or pattern appears to be moving even though it is stationary. These illusions are often characterized by a perceived movement in the peripheral vision, hence the name.

Peripheral drift illusions work by exploiting the way the visual system processes information from the peripheral vision. Our eyes have a higher density of receptors, called rods, in the peripheral vision than in the central vision, and these receptors are more sensitive to movement. The peripheral vision also has a lower resolution and is less sensitive to details than the central vision.

Because of these characteristics, the visual system tends to perceive movement in the peripheral vision more easily than in the central vision. In a peripheral drift illusion, the visual elements of the illusion, such as lines or angles, are arranged in such a way that they create the illusion of movement in the peripheral vision.

Another mechanism that can cause peripheral drift illusions is the way that the brain interprets visual information. The brain uses context and prior experience to make sense of visual information, and this can lead to perceptual errors. For example, in the café wall illusion, the brain interprets the angled lines as the edges of a 3D object, which creates the illusion of movement.

In summary, peripheral drift illusions exploit the characteristics of the peripheral vision, such as sensitivity to movement and lower resolution, and the way the brain interprets visual information to create the illusion of movement in stationary images.

Versions of Peripheral Drift Illusions like Primrose Field

The following are some other examples of peripheral drift illusions


Peripheral_drift_illusion_like-Primrose-Field


Peripheral_drift_illusion_like-Primrose-Field-by-Kitaoka-Akiyoshi


Peripheral_drift_illusion_like-Primrose-Field2






Cafe Wall Variant with Peripheral drift
From Wikimedia Commons


Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect
From Wikimedia Commons



Peripheral drift illusion
From Wikimedia Commons



peripheral-drift-illusion-giving-a-throbbing-effect
From Wikimedia Commons



Primrose_field_peripheral_drift_illusion
From Wikimedia Commons


Peripheral_drift_illusion_blue-and-orange-wormhole


Illusions like the Primrose Field Peripheral Drift Illusion

Peripheral drift illusions refer to a group of optical illusions where an object or pattern appears to be moving even though it is stationary. These illusions are often characterized by a perceived movement in the peripheral vision, hence the name.

The following are some illusions related to Peripheral Drift Illusions

The rotating snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect
A Version of Rotating Snakes


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.


Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons


The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Fraser Spiral Illusion, in which a pattern of short, curved lines appears to form a spiral.

Fraser-spiral-illusion.




The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion



These illusions are usually caused by the way our eyes process visual information and the way the brain interprets it. They can also be caused by the interaction of different visual elements, such as lines and angles, in the image. They are often used in research on visual perception and the neural basis of perception.


Discovery of the Peripheral Drift Illusions

It is not clear who first discovered peripheral drift illusions. These type of illusions have been observed and studied by various researchers over time, and many studies have contributed to the understanding of the phenomenon.

Peripheral drift illusions have been observed since the early 20th century and have been studied by various researchers in the field of visual perception, including scientists, psychologists, and neuroscientists.

Some of the early studies on peripheral drift illusions were conducted by the German physiologist Ernst Mach in the late 19th century, and later by the German psychologist Max Wertheimer in the early 20th century.

In the 20th century, several scientists and researchers have made significant contributions to the understanding of peripheral drift illusions and the underlying neural mechanisms, such as the American psychologist J.J. Gibson, the American neuroscientist David Hubel, and the British neuroscientist Melvyn Goodale.

It is likely that peripheral drift illusions were discovered by multiple individuals independently


References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions.

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Motion Induced Blindness

Motion Induced Blindness

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is an optical illusion that occurs when a stationary pattern or image is presented in the presence of a moving pattern or image. The stationary pattern or image appears to disappear or fade, even though it is still present, this phenomenon is called motion-induced blindness.

Motion Induced Blindness
From Wikimedia Commons
After focusing on the green dot for several seconds the yellow dots disappear

Table of Contents


How does Motion Induced Blindness work?

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is an optical illusion that occurs when a stationary pattern or image is presented in the presence of a moving pattern or image. The stationary pattern or image appears to disappear or fade, even though it is still present, this phenomenon is called motion-induced blindness.

This illusion occurs because the brain is more sensitive to movement and is more likely to pay attention to the moving pattern or image, rather than the stationary pattern or image. The brain can become so focused on the moving pattern or image that it “filters out” or “ignores” the stationary pattern or image. This can cause the stationary pattern or image to disappear or fade from perception, even though it is still present.

MIB has been studied extensively, and several theories have been proposed to explain the underlying neural mechanisms, such as the attentional blink theory, the competition between motion signals and static signals theory, or the adaptation theory.

The phenomenon of MIB has been found to have some applications in fields such as cognitive psychology, visual perception and neuropsychology, as well as in some practical fields such as aviation, transportation, and computer science.

Versions of the Motion Induced Blindness

The following are some other examples of the Motion Induced Blindness

Motion-Induced-Blindness-Spinning-Table
Focus on the in the center of the table and the different objects disappear and reappear.




Motion-Induced-Blindness-spinning-squares-blue-dot-yellow-dot
Focus on the center dot and and the other dots disappear and reappear




Illusions like Motion Induced Blindness

The following are some illusions that are related to Motion Induced Blindness

Troxler’s fading, also known as Troxler’s effect, is a phenomenon in which a stationary visual stimulus eventually disappears from perception, even though it is still present in the visual field.

This occurs because the human visual system adapts to constant stimuli and eventually stops responding to them.

Lilac-Chaser_Troxlers Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, the dots fade away


Troxler-Fading
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the cross for several seconds, colors fade away


Toxler-Fading-Blue-Circle-Red-Dot
From Wikimedia Commons
After staring at the dot for several seconds, the colored ring fades away


The Phi phenomenon is the illusion of movement created by the rapid succession of static images or light sources.

It is the perceptual phenomenon that explains how the human brain perceives motion when presented with a sequence of still images or light sources that are displayed in rapid succession.

Magni-phi-phenomonon.
From Wikimedia Commons



The Rotating Snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.

Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons

The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion




Discovery of Motion Induced Blindness

Motion-induced blindness was originally discovered in 1965 by Grindley and Townsend

It was later popularized following work by by Ramachandran and Gregory in 1991.

References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions.

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Peripheral Drift Illusions

Peripheral drift illusion jelly bean

In peripheral drift illusions, the image or pattern appears to move or drift, even though it is actually stationary. This movement is caused by the brain’s attempt to interpret the image or pattern, which is often complex or ambiguous. The movement can be in any direction, such as horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

Peripheral drift illusions are interesting to study because they can reveal how the visual system processes information and can help us understand the underlying neural mechanisms of visual perception.


Peripheral drift illusion jelly bean
From Wikimedia Commons


Table of Contents


How do Peripheral Drift Illusions work?

Peripheral drift illusions refer to a group of optical illusions where an object or pattern appears to be moving even though it is stationary. These illusions are often characterized by a perceived movement in the peripheral vision, hence the name.

Peripheral drift illusions work by exploiting the way the visual system processes information from the peripheral vision. Our eyes have a higher density of receptors, called rods, in the peripheral vision than in the central vision, and these receptors are more sensitive to movement. The peripheral vision also has a lower resolution and is less sensitive to details than the central vision.

Because of these characteristics, the visual system tends to perceive movement in the peripheral vision more easily than in the central vision. In a peripheral drift illusion, the visual elements of the illusion, such as lines or angles, are arranged in such a way that they create the illusion of movement in the peripheral vision.

Another mechanism that can cause peripheral drift illusions is the way that the brain interprets visual information. The brain uses context and prior experience to make sense of visual information, and this can lead to perceptual errors. For example, in the café wall illusion, the brain interprets the angled lines as the edges of a 3D object, which creates the illusion of movement.

In summary, peripheral drift illusions exploit the characteristics of the peripheral vision, such as sensitivity to movement and lower resolution, and the way the brain interprets visual information to create the illusion of movement in stationary images.

Versions of Peripheral Drift Illusions

The following are some other examples of peripheral drift illusions




Cafe Wall Variant with Peripheral drift
From Wikimedia Commons


Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect
From Wikimedia Commons



Peripheral drift illusion
From Wikimedia Commons



peripheral-drift-illusion-giving-a-throbbing-effect
From Wikimedia Commons



Primrose_field_peripheral_drift_illusion
From Wikimedia Commons


Peripheral_drift_illusion_blue-and-orange-wormhole


Illusions like the Peripheral Drift Illusions

Peripheral drift illusions refer to a group of optical illusions where an object or pattern appears to be moving even though it is stationary. These illusions are often characterized by a perceived movement in the peripheral vision, hence the name.

The following are some illusions related to Peripheral Drift Illusions

The rotating snakes is a peripheral drift illusion that consists of a grid of shapes, with some of them appearing to be rotating or undulating. The illusion is created by the interaction of the shapes with the neural processing of the visual system.

Rotating Snakes Autokinetic effect
A Version of Rotating Snakes


The Moiré pattern illusion: This illusion is created by superimposing two similar patterns on top of each other, such as a grid of lines or circles. The resulting pattern appears to be moving or changing.


Moiré_pattern
From Wikimedia Commons


The Scintillating Grid Illusion, in which a grid of black and white squares appears to pulsate or “breathe” when viewed from the periphery of the image.

Simultaneous Contrast Illusion



The Hermann Grid Illusion, in which the intersections of a white grid on a black background appear to be gray, even though they are actually the same color as the background.

Hermann-Grid Illusion


The Zöllner Illusion, in which parallel lines appear to be tilted or bent when intersected by diagonal lines.

Zöllner illusion


The Fraser Spiral Illusion, in which a pattern of short, curved lines appears to form a spiral.

Fraser-spiral-illusion.




The Café Wall Illusion is a visual illusion that is created by a grid of alternating light and dark horizontal and vertical lines. The lines appear to be bent or tilted, even though they are actually straight.

Cafe Wall Illusion



These illusions are usually caused by the way our eyes process visual information and the way the brain interprets it. They can also be caused by the interaction of different visual elements, such as lines and angles, in the image. They are often used in research on visual perception and the neural basis of perception.


Discovery of the Peripheral Drift Illusions

It is not clear who first discovered peripheral drift illusions. These type of illusions have been observed and studied by various researchers over time, and many studies have contributed to the understanding of the phenomenon.

Peripheral drift illusions have been observed since the early 20th century and have been studied by various researchers in the field of visual perception, including scientists, psychologists, and neuroscientists.

Some of the early studies on peripheral drift illusions were conducted by the German physiologist Ernst Mach in the late 19th century, and later by the German psychologist Max Wertheimer in the early 20th century.

In the 20th century, several scientists and researchers have made significant contributions to the understanding of peripheral drift illusions and the underlying neural mechanisms, such as the American psychologist J.J. Gibson, the American neuroscientist David Hubel, and the British neuroscientist Melvyn Goodale.

It is likely that peripheral drift illusions were discovered by multiple individuals independently


References and Resources

Check out our complete list of illusions and this cool purple peripheral drift illusion.